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^Corecivity (oc):

Corecivity (oc):

The value of –H which has to be applied to a magnetic material so as to reduce residual magnetism to zero.  The area of hysteresis loop is proportional to the thermal energy loss per unit volume for one hysteresis cycle of magnetization & demagnetization. Thus in order to minimize the energy losses that material must be selected which have minimum area of the hysteresis loop. e.g.  Soft iron is preferred over steel.

The hysteresis curve allows us to select suitable materials for permanent magnets.

 

^Deviation of charge in magnetic field

Deviation of charge in magnetic field

Consider a positive charge of charge + q & mass m fired horizontally in to a region of uniform magnetic field acting normally inwards to the plane of as shown in the diagram.

Let x < r be the thickness of the magnetic field region. Let δ is the deviation suffered by the charge particle as it comes out of the region of magnetic field. From diagram we can write

^Thick solid conductor or rod

Thick solid conductor or rod

Magnetic field for a thick sold conductor or a rod of uniform current density using Ampere’s law is

Also inside a piper carrying hollow conductor magnetic field is zero inside everywhere, maximum at surface. Outside & at surface described by same functions as that of a rod.

^Straight thin finite conductor

Straight thin finite conductor

Magnetic field at point P around a straight thin finite conductor is 

On a thin conductor magnetic field is not defined.

*Average speed

*Average speed

Speed between two instants is called average. Mathematically it is measured as the total distance covered per unit time spent. It is scalar & always positive.

i.e. Average speed

  1. For a given time interval average velocity is single valued while average speed can have values depending upon path followed.
  2. Average velocity & average speed are equal only for motion along a straight line with no reversal.
  3. The average speed can never be – ve or zero while average velocity can be.
  4.  If a particle travels distances x1 , x2 & x3 with speeds v1 , v2 & vduring time intervals t1, t2 & t3 respectively, then its average speed is    If x= x= x3, then this relation becomes harmonic mean of individual speeds.                                                                                                                                                                      Also if t1 = t2 = t3, then the average speed is be given by Arithmetic mean of individual speeds.                       

^Circuit to compare emf of two cells

Circuit to compare emf of two cells

When S & S1 closed let the balancing length is b1, ξ1 ∝ b1.

When S & S2 closed let the balancing length is b2, ξ2 ∝ b2. Dividing above two relations we get

 

^Point object

^Point object

An object is said to be a point object if it covers distance much greater than its size.

^A long horizontal fixed wire carries a current of 100 A. Directly above and parallel to it is another wire carrying a current of 20 A and weighing 0.04 N/m.

^A long horizontal fixed wire carries a current of 100 A. Directly above and parallel to it is another wire carrying a current of 20 A and weighing 0.04 N/m. The separation between the two wires so that the upper wire is just supported by the magnetic repulsion is

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