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^Moving point charge

Moving point charge

Magnetic field at point P for a point charge ‘+q’ moving with velocity is

In any arbitrary volume of conductor net negative & positive charge is equal, thus net charge enclosed for any section is zero, hence electric field outside a current carrying conductor is zero. Also if an observer moves along the free electrons of a current carrying conductor with a velocity equal to drift velocity of free electrons, then the magnetic field experienced at the observer location will be due to relative velocity of positive ions of conductor w.r.t. observer.

*Bulk properties of matter

*Bulk properties of matter

^Sources of error

Sources of error

  1. The jockey should not be rubbed on the wire, as this resistance of wire will not remain uniform.
  2. Current should not be allowed to flow in the wire for a long time as this by producing heat will change the resistance of the wire.
  3. The value of resistor R is so selected that the null point is in the middle of the wire. Actually by doing so the error in the measurement is minimized. Also then all the four resistors are of the same order.

^Mechanics

^Mechanics

It is a branch of physics which deals with the conditions of rest or motion of the objects.

It is divided in three parts

1. Statics         2. Kinematics         3. Dynamics

^Electric cell

Electric cell

It neither creates nor destroys charge, whereas it just maintains the potential difference & organized flow of charge by supplying energy.

^Connecting or disconnecting battery

Connecting or disconnecting battery

On disconnecting the battery charge remains constant & if the battery remains connected then potential difference across the capacitor remains constant. Using the above fact the effect of inserting a dielectric slab between plates of a capacitor can be expressed by the following table:

^Light year (ly)

^Light year (ly)

It is the distance travelled by light in vacuum (with a speed of 3 x 108 m/s) in one year

(i.e., 365 x 24 x 60 x 60 s).

1 ly = 3 x 108 x (365 x 24 x 60 x 60) » 9.5 x 1015 m

^Limitations of dimensions

^Limitations of dimensions

  • Dimensional analysis does not give any information about the scalar or vector nature of the quantity.
  • Dimensions for    v = u + at etc. can’t be calculated in exact form.
  • Dimensional formulae of the quantities depending on more than three variables cannot be obtained.
  • Dimensional formulae of the quantities involving trigonometric logarithmic or exponential functions cannot be calculated.
  • Value of proportionality constant can’t be calculated.

It doesn’t distinguish between the physical quantities having same dimensions.

*Some SI Derived units with special names

*Some SI Derived units with special names

Quantity SI unit Symbol
Force newton N
Work joule J
Pressure, Stress pascal Pa
watt W
Angle radian rad
Frequency hertz Hz
Viscosity poiseuille Pl
Torque newton meter Nm
Electric charge coulomb C
Electrical resistance ohm W
Voltage volt V
Flux (Elec. or mag) weber Wb
Inductance henry H
Capacitance farad F
Magnetic field tesla T
Illuminance lux Lx
Luminous flux Lumen lm
Illuminance lux lx
Activity (radioactive) Becquerel Bq
Absorbed dose index Gray Gy

*Average value of a quantity

*Average value of a quantity

If a quantity y varies with x, then its average value in the interval x e [a, b] is defined as,

Average value for one complete cycle

  1. of sinθ & cosθ is zero.
  2. of sin2 θ & cos2θ is half.
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