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^Refraction

December 30, 2021/in Back end /by kp-web-admin

^Refraction

1. Snell’s law is the law of refraction. It is applicable for both plane & curved surfaces. According to this law the product μ sinθ remains constant in any medium. Thus for a light going from medium 1 to 2

When a light wave enters a denser medium (say glass) from a rarer medium (say air)

2. The frequency (f) of the wave & hence the colour of the light wave remains the same

3. But the wavelength of the wave decreases μ times as a result its speed of the light wave decreases μ times (because v = f λ)

4. However in refraction of light, the amplitude of light may decrease or remain constant.

5. There is no change of its phase i.e. ΔΦ = 0.

6. No. of waves in ‘t’ thickness of a medium are

^Optical refractive index

December 30, 2021/in Back end /by kp-web-admin

^Optical refractive index

^Uses of Convex mirror

December 30, 2021/in Back end /by kp-web-admin

^Uses of Convex mirror

As back view mirror in vehicles due to its greater field of view & it always virtual, erect & diminished image for a real object irrespective of the position of the object.
For reflectors in street lamps.
Anti – shoplifting mirrors
In refracting type telescopes.
For decoration purposes (as they form small beautiful images).

^Uses of concave mirrors

December 30, 2021/in Back end /by kp-web-admin

^Uses of concave mirrors

By ENT specialists to throw sharp, narrow beam of light into ear, nose & throat for internal examination.
Shaving & makeup mirrors
In search lights & headlamp reflectors
In reflecting type astronomical telescope.

^Uses of plane mirror

December 30, 2021/in Back end /by kp-web-admin

^Uses of plane mirror

As looking glass
To bend the path of light
As periscope
As Kaleidoscope

^Image by concave mirror

December 30, 2021/in Back end /by kp-web-admin

^Image by concave mirror

As an object approaches the pole of a concave mirror, the size of the image increases, also any kind of image viz. real, virtual, magnified, diminished & of same size is possible. Following is the summary of the various cases of image formation.

1. When an object is placed at ∞, a real, inverted, extremely diminished image is produced at F.

i.e. for u = ∞, v = f & m < < 1

2. When an object is placed beyond C a real, inverted, diminished image is produced between F & C.

i.e. for ∞ > u > 2 f, f < v < 2 f & m < 1

3. When an object is placed at C a real, inverted, image having size same as size that of object is produced between F & C.

i.e. for u = 2 f, v = 2 f & m = 1

4. When an object is placed between F & C, a real, inverted, magnified image is produced beyond C.

i.e. for 2 f > u > f, ∞ > v > 2 f & m > 1

5. When an object is placed at F, a real, inverted, magnified image of infinite size is produced at ∞.

i.e. for u = f , v = ∞ & m → ∞.

6. When an object is placed between F & P, a virtual, erect, magnified image of infinite size is produced beyond 2 F on the other side of mirror.

i.e. for f > u > 0, ∞ > v > 0 & m > 1

Using the image formation rules along with the sign conventions we can explain the various cases of image formation.

^Multiple images

December 30, 2021/in Back end /by kp-web-admin

^Multiple images

If two plane mirrors are inclined at an angle θ, then the total no. of images (n) formed by successive reflections at the two mirrors can be calculated directly by using the following approach.

First find the value of m. Here Then check for the following three possibilities: