^Comparison of α, β & ϒ rays
^Comparison of α, β & ϒ rays Here IP = Ionizing power & PP = Penetrating power Also All the three type of rays namely α, β & ϒ affect photographic plate produce flourescence & artificial radioactivity.
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^γ-decay
^γ-decay Most radioisotopes, after an alpha decay or a beta decay, leave the daughter nucleus in an excited state, these excited nuclei make a transition to a state of lower energy by emitting a photon. These photons are charge less, mass less & high energy electromagnetic waves (of the order of million electron volt) & […]
^Recoil of a gun
^Recoil of a gun Before firing, both the gun and the bullet are at rest. After firing, the bullet moves with velocity and the gun moves with velocity As no external force acts on the system, so using LCLM we get
^Linear momentum conservation
^Linear momentum conservation will be a constant , in other words the linear momentum of a system is constant in time if net external force acting on it is zero. LCLM is equivalent to NTL. Consider a two particle system. Let the total linear momentum of the system is not changing with the time i.e. […]
^Simple atwood machine
^Simple atwood machine NSL for blocks is System m1: m1g – T = m1a1 System m2: T – m2g T = m2a2 2. Due to inextensible string we have a1 = a2. On adding the two equations we get 3. Using the value of a in any of the two equations we get 4. From […]
^Block at rest w.r.t . accelerating wedge
^Block at rest w.r.t . accelerating wedge Let complete system has acceleration a w.r.t. ground but the block (mass, m) is to be kept at rest relative to wedge […]
^β-decay
^β-decay In the beta-minus decay, a neutron inside the nucleus transforms into a proton with the emission of an electron and anti-neutrino are emitted. Note, the spins of the neutron, proton and electron are all 1/2. In the beta-plus decay, a proton inside the nucleus transforms into a neutron with the emission of a positron […]
^α-decay
^α-decay Consider the following decay As a nucleus decays due to internal force of repulsion, there is no net external force on it, hence in any nuclear reaction linear momentum must be conserved. Before disintegration, the nucleus can be assumed to be at rest, so the total momentum was zero. After disintegration let it be […]
^Radioactivity
^Radioactivity 1. A heavy unstable nucleus (e.g. Uranium, polonium, radium, thorium, actinium, etc.) disintegrates itself naturally, spontaneously & randomly without being forced by any external agent to do so until it acquires stability. 2. The disintegration is independent of all physical and chemical conditions and so it can neither be accelerated nor retarded. 3. The […]
^Binding energy per nucleon
^Binding energy per nucleon 1. is low for both heavy & light nuclei. 2. increases rapidly up to A = 20 & have peaks for 2He4, 6C12 & 8 O16 . 3. increases gradually after A = 20. 4. becomes less or more flat between A = 40 to 120. Also it has average value […]
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