^Optical path (L) Distance travelled by light in vacuum in the same time in which it travels a given path length in a medium. If light travels a path length d in a medium at speed v, the time taken by it will be d/v. Thus optical path length As μ > 1, optical path […]
^Refraction 1. Snell’s law is the law of refraction. It is applicable for both plane & curved surfaces. According to this law the product μ sinθ remains constant in any medium. Thus for a light going from medium 1 to 2 When a light wave enters a denser medium (say glass) from a […]
^Optical refractive index
^Uses of Convex mirror As back view mirror in vehicles due to its greater field of view & it always virtual, erect & diminished image for a real object irrespective of the position of the object. For reflectors in street lamps. Anti – shoplifting mirrors In refracting type telescopes. For decoration purposes (as they form […]
^Uses of concave mirrors By ENT specialists to throw sharp, narrow beam of light into ear, nose & throat for internal examination. Shaving & makeup mirrors In search lights & headlamp reflectors In reflecting type astronomical telescope.
^Uses of plane mirror As looking glass To bend the path of light As periscope As Kaleidoscope
^Image by concave mirror As an object approaches the pole of a concave mirror, the size of the image increases, also any kind of image viz. real, virtual, magnified, diminished & of same size is possible. Following is the summary of the various cases of image formation. 1. When an object is placed at ∞, […]
^Multiple images If two plane mirrors are inclined at an angle θ, then the total no. of images (n) formed by successive reflections at the two mirrors can be calculated directly by using the following approach. First find the value of m. Here Then check for the following three possibilities: MBSP means mirrors bisector position.
^Newton’s formula Let x1 & x2 respectively be the distance of object & image from focus instead of from the pole of a mirror or lens, then x1 x2 = f2.
^Mathematical relations for lenses
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